Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 Page 52 Page 53 Page 54 Page 55 Page 56 Page 57 Page 58 Page 59 Page 60 Page 61 Page 62 Page 63 Page 64 Page 65 Page 66 Page 67 Page 68 Page 69 Page 70 Page 71 Page 72 Page 73 Page 74 Page 75 Page 76 Page 77 Page 78 Page 79 Page 80 Page 81 Page 82 Page 83 Page 84 Page 85 Page 86 Page 87 Page 88 Page 89 Page 90 Page 91 Page 92 Page 93 Page 94 Page 95 Page 96 Page 97 Page 98 Page 99 Page 100 Page 101 Page 102 Page 103 Page 104 Page 105 Page 106 Page 107 Page 108AGING IN THE 21S T CENTURY CONTENTS 1 2 2 6 FOREWORD INTRODUCTION 10 WHAT DOES HRS MEASURE? Income and Wealth Health and Use of Health Services Employment Family Connections Creating a Biosocial Survey Psychosocial and Lifestyle Factors Supplemental Off-year Studies Administrative Linkages Longitudinal Cohort Design 14 GOING GLOBAL 15 EXPANDING ACCESS AND USE OF THE DATA 15 IMPACT 16 A SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION FOR POLICY Social Security and Medicare The Role of Families 17 THE FUTURE New Linkages Obtaining Whole Blood Frontiers in Genetic Discovery Tackling Alzheimer’s 20 TRENDS IN WORKING LIVES Who is Working Longer? Paths to Retirement 24 ARE WE HEALTHY ENOUGH TO WORK? Unused Capacity Chronic Disease and Disability Impact of Health and Economic Resources on Retirement 30 PROGRAM EFFECTS ON WORK Changes to Social Security Shift from Defined Benefit to Defined Contribution Pensions The Role of Health Insurance 32 CONSEQUENCES OF RETIREMENT Lifestyle Changes in Retirement Retirement and Health: Use It or Lose It? Retirement Satisfaction 36 ASSESSING DEMENTIA IN THE POPULATION Challenges Proxy Informants Informant Reports 39 THE FIRST NATIONAL DATA 41 RISK FACTORS FOR DEMENTIA Genetic and Demographic Risk Education Medical Risks Behavioral Factors 44 COMORBID CONDITIONS 45 MEDICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC IMPACT Medical Consequences Caregiver Burden Economic Costs 47 POSITIVE TRENDS Is Cognitive Reserve the Key? WORKING LONGER THE AGING BRAIN