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Addresses the respondent’s willingness to take financial risks by posing a set of hypothetical situations and asks what he or she would do in those situations. Module 9: Alcohol consumption and HRS 1992 IADL measures. A very short module with a few questions about difficulties of everyday activi- ties and alcohol consumption. Module 10: Proxy validation. Repeats selected questions asked in the general survey about health and daily activities, but asks the respon- dent to answer these questions about his or her spouse/partner. The intention is to look at the agreement between respondent and spouse reports of health problems. Module 11: Social altruism. Asks about con- nectedness to other people and the emotional support available from the respondent’s spouse/ partner, adult children, parents and parents-in- law, and friends. Module 12: Valuing health. Asks respondents to compare their present state of health to perfect health using a standard time-tradeoff question valuing health in terms of years of life, and a similar willingness-to-pay question valuing health in terms of money. HRS 1998 (Wave 4) Modules Module 1: AHEAD 1993 ADL questions. Con- tains questions about difficulty and the use of equipment and help in activities of daily living. Most respondents who were asked to do this module in 1998 were asked to do the same module in AHEAD 1995. Module 3: ADL measures used for the Longitudinal Studies of Aging. Contains the ADL questions used in AHEAD 1993 and AHEAD 1995, which were in turn based on those proposed for (and subsequently used in) the second LSOA. Most respondents who were asked to do this module in 1998 were asked to do the same module in both AHEAD 1993 and AHEAD 1995. Module 4: ADL measures used for the Na- tional Long-Term Care Study (NLTCS). Most respondents who were asked to do this module in 1998 were asked to do the same module in AHEAD 1993. Module 5: 1990 Census ADL questions. Slight- ly less than half of the respondents who were asked to do this module in 1998 were asked to do the same module in AHEAD 1993. Module 10: Cognitive section for proxy inter- viewed sample members. Also included in the module section, although not actually a module, is a section of the interview that is administered to sample persons for whom proxy interviews were done, but who are willing and able to do this section themselves. HRS 1996 (Wave 3) Modules Module All: Consumption and anchoring. Contains questions on food consumption, as well as questions designed to assess the degree to which the responses to unfolding brackets are affected by the level of the entry point (i.e., the “anchoring effect”). To yield adequate sample sizes, these questions were asked of all respondents. H RS Ex peri m e nta l M od u l e s Module 1: Health during childhood. Contains questions on the individual’s health when growing up (from birth to age 16), on parental family composition, and on the parental family’s economic status. Module 2: Health pedigree. Asks about the individual’s health pedigree—whether the individual’s parents are still living, the cause of death if deceased, health status if living, and cause and age of death of any deceased siblings. Module 3: Personality. Provides a brief personal- ity inventory based on the respondent’s rating of how closely each of 12 descriptive words fits the respondent. Module 4: Medicare attitudes and preferences. Attempts to measure respondents’ attitudes and preferences toward Medicare. Includes questions on whether the respondent would prefer various cash equivalent dollar payments to Medicare insurance, and is thus a form of contingent valuation. Module 5: Volunteerism and time use. Asks how many hours the respondent spent in the past year on 10 types of volunteer activities ranging from helping religious organizations to helping neighbors. Hours spent in 11 time-use activities ranging from television watching to reading are also obtained. Module 6: Preference parameters for consump- tion, saving, and labor supply. Attempts to understand the respondents’ preferences toward consumption, saving, and labor supply by asking about their behavior if they won a hypothetical sweepstakes that would pay an amount equal to their current family income for life. Appendix A