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The HRS 1992 scale was a four-point scale associated with level of difficulty in performing various activities. Telephone interview considerations in HRS 1994 led to the development and use of a two-point scale to be followed by a second two- point scale in the event of a “some difficulty” response. This module uses the original four- point scale designed for a personal interview environment. Module 4: Long-run income elasticity of labor supply. Sets up a hypothetical set of circum- stances to yield pure estimates of income elas- ticity. The hypothetical illustration concerns the effect of a windfall gain on labor hours, along with measures that will generate an assessment of the strength of an altruism parameter. Module 5: Risk aversion. HRS 1992 contained a measure of risk aversion based on responses to a hypothetical situation involving alternate jobs and respondents’ willingness to take jobs with various risky characteristics. This module is an attempt to refine the risk aversion mea- sure by observing the distribution of risk aver- sion at the extremes of the distribution, where the 1992 data suggest most of the sample actually resides. Module 6: Social support. Asks questions about respondents’ sources of social support, including spouses, friends, and co-workers. Module 7: Transfers. Examines motivations for transfers from parents to children. It is intended to aid in the analysis of preference parameters, specifically altruism. Module 8: Activities of daily living. Gathers baseline data on the incidence of ADL deficiencies in the sample, and to find out who the ADL helpers are. Part of the module asks about future needs for ADL help, as well as whether or not respondents perceive themselves to be at risk of helping someone else with ADLs. Module 9: Activities and time allocation. Seeks to assess the strength of some of the pull toward retirement that can be attributed to the desire to reallocate time to non-market time issues. Module 10: Nutrition. Asks respondents how often they eat foods from the various major food groups. The list of food types is fairly detailed, e.g., distinguishing red meats from other meat and from fish. AHEAD 1993 (Wave 1) Modules Module 1: Resilience. Asks an innovative sequence of questions designed to measure the concept of resilience, defined as the individual’s ability to recover quickly and completely from any misfortune or challenge. Module 2: Time use. Contains a set of questions on unpaid but economically productive activities: home maintenance, volunteer work, and informal help to others. Together with core-study questions on paid employment, these questions permit a balanced assessment of the productive contributions of older adults. H RS Ex peri m e nta l M od u l e s Modules 3 and 4: Alternative ADLs. Contains the ADL questions proposed for (and subse- quently used in) the second LSOA (Module 3) and replicates the ADL function items on the NLTCS screen (Module 4). Module 5: WAIS Similarities. Applies the WAIS Similarities, a widely used measure of abstract reasoning that was used in the main HRS 1992 interview; also includes two ADL questions that are asked on the 1990 U.S. Census long form. Module 6: Quality of life. Asks questions focusing on the essential quality of life issue— whether or not life is still worth living. Module 7: In-depth ADLs. Probes various de- tailed adaptive strategies for bathing to explore whether or not adaptive mechanisms account for a lack of reported difficulty with bathing despite obvious physical or cognitive impairments. Module 9: Financial pressure. Asks respon- dents if they find it difficult to pay their bills or if they cut back on nonmedical expenses, such as eating out or traveling. Also asks about the perceived fairness of policy alternatives for making long-term care in nursing homes more accessible to older people. HRS 1992 (Wave 1) Modules Module A: Physiological measurements of health and functioning status. Measures vital capacity using Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and assesses grip strength to provide a means of validating self-reports. Appendix A